The purpose of this research is to propose the six-bars linkages model for synthesis of high lift mechanism of an aircraft which is very important mechanism to generate lift-drag ratio in other flight conditions. The performance in design of six-bars mechanism depends on an optimization technique. In the past, the design in high lift mechanism starts from pure calculation of aerodynamics, then properly mechanism is synthesized for use, also called mechanism design is decoupled. Then this technique does not respond to the new design in high lift mechanism due to the consistency between them, so the new technique for generating path and motion is proposed.

The objective of minimization are position and angle of flap because of the limitation in applicable space. While generating with the constraint and the use of an optimizer Metaheuristics MHs. The result shows a great performance of the new mechanism in simply problem synthesis. Furthermore, the new formulation of this objective function is proposed, Reliability technique which expects to enhance the performance of the high lift mechanism due to the uncertainty of the mechanism, so this technique is later extended to reliability based design optimization RBDO of high lift mechanism. The result reveals that the proposed technique does well in synthesize the high lift mechanism problem with uncertainty and also increase the reliability of the model in use. In addition, reliability also prevents the unrealizable mechanism.

This project is about a study to investigate factors and essential elements in developing and managing airspace safely and efficiently. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) had reported accidents and incidents involving aircraft since 2010. In 2018, ICAO stated that states did not have adequate procedure to monitor safety standards, resulting in higher risk. ICAO has identified problems relating to accidents and incidents which must be rectified. ICAO has also specified that every state is required to have a policy to manage airspace to cope with increased number of aircraft. This is to reduce any loss from air transport as much as possible. Thailand has a monitoring system under the Universal Safety Oversight Audit Program (USOAP-ICAO) in compliance with ICAO standards by overseeing all essential points relating to the Civil Aviation Decree 2015. It is of great importance that the decree is followed to provide support and improvement in safety standards in general. Prior to the emergence of Covid-19, every country including Thailand experienced a continuous increase of flights, leading to several delays for departures and arrivals. Both Suvarnabhumi and Don Mueang Airports were particularly affected with more incidents reported concerning safety issues. Air Transport is vital for every country, and it is expected that there is going to be a return to an increase in air traffic soon along with the blueprint for the development of air transport in the next 15 years. It is the intention of the researchers to study important elements in managing air space safely and efficiently, using qualitative and quantitative methods. Information was obtained from professionals in aviation such as airline pilots, domestic and international, aviation service providers including air traffic providers and engineers. This study includes data at national and international levels. An important part of this study is the use of Factors Analysis. This study discovered that:

1.  Communication in aviation is an important variable in providing service and management for all air traffic as well as distributing information and aviation news.

2.  Navigation System is important for providing information, developing, and managing air space, using aircraft with new technology in accordance with ICAO plan for managing flights at present.

3.  Surveillance is required for aircraft flying in areas which cannot be followed such as runway and aircraft approaching each other in areas with high terrains.

4.  Air Traffic Management System is essential for designing procedures for take-off and landing procedures, applying new technology, ‘Performance Based Navigation’ and data base for geography and obstacles.

The analysis from this study, using simulation which significantly affects the air space with maximum safety and efficiency include Aviation Communication, Air Traffic Service System, Navigation System and Surveillance respectively.

Nowadays, the technology has been developed continuously. The fastest movement of goods and services is in the aviation and air transport industry, which is considered the fastest way to transport passengers and goods. Aircrafts are characterized by high speed, able to reach various destinations in a short time. In aviation industry, there has been a rapid growth globally in the acquisition and development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as a replacement for manned aircraft. This makes UAVs extremely attractive for both present and future. Now, UAVs have become something that cannot be overlooked. There are many interesting things about UAVs, for example, what UAVs is, the advantages of UAVs, and future UAVsusage trends. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is an aircraft that has no pilot on board but can be controlled. The unmanned aerial vehicles come in different shapes, sizes, styles and uniqueness. Ideally, an unmanned aerial vehicle is commonly referred to as a drone, which is a remote-controlled aircraft from ground based controllers. Almost entirely, the power supply for smaller UAVs usually uses lithium-polymer batteries ,and larger UAVs base on accordance airplane engines or a hydrogen fuel cell. The power source which provides dynamic lift and thrust based on aerodynamics, is controlled by automatic control. The automatic control for UAVs can be divided in two types that are remote automatic control and automated control using a manual flight system that requires a computer program with a complex system already installed in aircraft. The unmanned aerial vehicles technology was introduced for dangerous military missions without risking human life in several military
applications.

The efficiency of unmanned aerial vehicles is continuously improved for various purposes such as ability to endure longer loiter time, flexibility on positioning targets. Commonly, the roles of UAVshave two sectors. These are civilian and commercial sector. The civilian sector focuses on the aerial traffic monitoring, weather forecasting, communication relay, border management, maritime patrol, crime prevention, and many environmental monitoring such as bush fire. The commercial purposes of UAVs include tasks such as agricultural and fisheries management, freight of goods, pipeline monitoring, and aerial photography vice versa. With all the advantages of UAVs, more and more people are turning their attention to it.Objectives to Finish This paper presented a survey on using image processing techniques used in an agricultural context. Employing the processes like segmentation, feature extraction and clustering can be used to interrogate images of the crops. There is a need to select the most appropriate techniques to assist decision-making. Several examples of vision-based applications also have been reported and developed to assist the agricultural production.